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Phrap was routinely used in some of the largest sequencing projects in the Human Genome Sequencing Project and is currently one of the most widely used DNA sequence assembly programs in the biotech industry.
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#SEQUENCHER EXPORTING TRIMMED TRACES SOFTWARE#
Phred is often used together with another software program called Phrap, which is a program for DNA sequence assembly.
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The results can be output as a PHD file, which contains base data as triples consisting of the base call, quality, and position. The entire procedure is rapid, usually taking less than half a second per trace.
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Phred played a notable role in the Human Genome Project, where large amounts of sequence data were processed by automated scripts. Green moved to University of Washington in the mid 1990s, after which development was primarily managed by himself and Brent Ewing. LaDeana Hillier, Michael Wendl, David Ficenec, Tim Gleeson, Alan Blanchard, and Richard Mott also contributed to the codebase and algorithm. Phred was originally conceived in the early 1990s by Phil Green, then a professor at Washington University in St. To meet this need, many software programs have been developed. To remove the bottleneck, both automated software that can speed up the processing with improved accuracy and a reliable measure of the accuracy are needed. interpreting the trace data to produce the sequence data), thereby creating a bottleneck. However, the sequence data is produced at a significantly higher rate than can be manually processed (i.e. Since the intensity, shape and the location of a fluorescence peak are not always consistent or unambiguous, however, sometimes it is difficult or time-consuming to determine (or "call") the correct bases for the peaks accurately if it is done manually.Īutomated DNA sequencing techniques have revolutionized the field of molecular biology – generating vast amounts of DNA sequence data. Examining the fluorescence peaks in the trace data, we can determine the order of individual bases ( nucleobase) in the DNA. The electrophoresis run is monitored by a CCD on the DNA sequencer and this produces a time "trace" data (or " chromatogram") of the fluorescent "peaks" that passed the CCD point. The fluorescent-dye DNA sequencing is a molecular biology technique that involves labeling single-strand DNA sequences of varied length with 4 fluorescent dyes (corresponding to 4 different bases used in DNA) and subsequently separating the DNA sequences by "slab gel"- or capillary- electrophoresis method (see DNA Sequencing).